Files
doslang-mirror/fec/src/lower.c
T
coolguy 9510f12643 lower: mem.create / alloc_slice / destroy / replace
할당하는 내장 함수들이다. 평범한 호출이 아니라서 여기서 편다. create 는 값을
받아 그 복사본을 가리키는 소유 포인터를 주고, 할당이 실패할 수 있으므로 결과가
에러 유니온이다. 실패 코드는 OutOfMemory 이고, 소스 어디에도 그 이름이 적혀
있지 않지만 다른 이름과 같은 표에 들어간다.

갓 할당한 저장소는 통째로 소유하므로 쓸 수 있다 -- 방해할 사람이 없다. 그래서
alloc_slice 는 ^[]mut T 를 준다. 소유 슬라이스는 포인터와 길이가 값 자체라서
.^ 로 통과할 것이 없고, destroy 는 그 안의 포인터를 푼다.

heap 프로그램이 할당·try·defer 해제·for 순회를 한꺼번에 돈다: sum 4950
2026-08-17 06:29:18 +09:00

1612 lines
61 KiB
C

#include "lower.h"
#include <string.h>
#include "m7.h"
#include <stdio.h>
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
* Lowering
*
* One function at a time, one statement at a time. A `Slot` is what an
* expression produced: either a value already in a temporary, or a place in
* memory that a value can be read from or written to. Aggregates are always
* places -- they are never carried in a temporary, because a temporary is a
* register and an aggregate does not fit in one.
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
#define LOWER_MAX_LOCALS 256
typedef struct LowerVar {
const char *cname;
unsigned local;
/* An aggregate parameter arrives as an address, so the slot holds a
pointer and the value is one dereference away. */
int by_address;
} LowerVar;
typedef struct Lower {
FeCheck *c;
FeIrModule *m;
FeIrFunc *fn;
FeIrBlock *b; /* the block being appended to */
FeType *ret_type;
unsigned ret_local; /* hidden result address, when returning mem */
LowerVar vars[LOWER_MAX_LOCALS];
unsigned var_count;
/* Loop targets, for break and continue. */
unsigned break_target[32];
unsigned continue_target[32];
unsigned loop_depth;
/* `defer` blocks in the order they were written. Every exit path runs the
ones that are live, last written first. */
FeNode *deferred[32];
unsigned defer_count;
/* Every `error.Name` used anywhere in the build, sorted, numbered from one.
SPEC 4.6: the names are collected rather than declared, and the order is
fixed by the spelling so that the same program always gets the same
codes however the build was ordered. */
const char *error_names[256];
unsigned error_count;
int failed;
} Lower;
typedef struct Slot {
int is_place;
unsigned temp; /* the value, when is_place is 0 */
FeIrPlace place; /* where it lives, when is_place is 1 */
FeIrType type;
unsigned long size; /* for FE_IR_MEM */
} Slot;
static Slot lower_expr(Lower *L, FeNode *n);
static void lower_stmt(Lower *L, FeNode *n);
static void store_into(Lower *L, FeIrPlace dst, Slot value, FeNode *n,
unsigned long size);
static void lower_for(Lower *L, FeNode *n);
static int lower_mem(Lower *L, FeNode *n, Slot *out);
static long error_code(Lower *L, const char *name);
static int fn_is_generic(const FeNode *fn);
static void lower_fn_as(Lower *L, FeNode *fn, const char *name);
static Slot lower_slice(Lower *L, FeNode *n);
static void guard(Lower *L, unsigned ok, FeIrTrap reason, unsigned long line);
static void lower_match(Lower *L, FeNode *n);
static int enum_has_payload(const FeType *t);
static void lower_global(Lower *L, FeNode *n);
static long literal_value(FeNode *n);
static Slot wrap_context(Lower *L, Slot v, FeNode *n);
static Slot lower_try(Lower *L, FeNode *n);
static Slot lower_lazy(Lower *L, FeNode *n, int is_catch);
static Slot wrapper_payload(Lower *L, Slot w, const FeType *t);
static unsigned scratch(Lower *L, const FeType *t, const char *why);
static int uses_niche(const FeType *t);
static FeIrType tag_type(const FeType *t);
static void run_deferred(Lower *L, unsigned from);
static unsigned declare_var(Lower *L, const char *cname, const FeType *t,
const char *name);
static void indexable_parts(Lower *L, Slot base, const FeType *t,
unsigned *data, unsigned *length, FeNode *n);
static void fail(Lower *L, const char *why, FeNode *n)
{
if (L->failed) return;
L->failed = 1;
fprintf(fe_diag_stream(), "%s:%lu:%lu: internal: cannot lower %s\n",
n && n->loc.file ? n->loc.file : "?",
n ? n->loc.line : 0UL, n ? n->loc.col : 0UL, why);
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- types --- */
/* A Ferro type becomes what a register can hold, or a size in memory. Anything
with more than one field is memory: the backend never has to decide whether
an aggregate fits somewhere. */
static FeIrType ir_type_of(const FeType *t)
{
if (!t) return FE_IR_VOID;
switch (t->kind) {
case FE_TYPE_VOID: return FE_IR_VOID;
case FE_TYPE_BOOL:
case FE_TYPE_CHAR: return FE_IR_I8;
case FE_TYPE_INT:
if (t->bits <= 8U) return FE_IR_I8;
if (t->bits <= 16U) return FE_IR_I16;
return FE_IR_I32;
case FE_TYPE_REF: return FE_IR_PTR;
case FE_TYPE_OWNED:
/* An owned slice carries a length beside the pointer. */
return t->elem && t->elem->kind == FE_TYPE_SLICE ? FE_IR_MEM : FE_IR_PTR;
case FE_TYPE_ENUM:
/* A payload-free enum is just its tag. */
return t->variant_count && t->fields ? FE_IR_MEM :
(t->size <= 1UL ? FE_IR_I8 :
t->size <= 2UL ? FE_IR_I16 : FE_IR_I32);
default:
return FE_IR_MEM;
}
}
static int enum_has_payload(const FeType *t)
{
unsigned i;
if (!t || t->kind != FE_TYPE_ENUM) return 0;
for (i = 0; i < t->variant_count; ++i)
if (t->variants[i].field_count) return 1;
return 0;
}
static FeIrType ir_type(const FeType *t)
{
if (t && t->kind == FE_TYPE_ENUM && enum_has_payload(t)) return FE_IR_MEM;
return ir_type_of(t);
}
static unsigned long ir_size(const FeType *t)
{
return t ? fe_type_size(t) : 0UL;
}
static unsigned ir_align(const FeType *t)
{
return t ? fe_type_align(t) : 1U;
}
static int type_is_unsigned(const FeType *t)
{
return t && t->kind == FE_TYPE_INT && t->is_unsigned;
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- slots --- */
static Slot slot_value(unsigned temp, FeIrType t)
{
Slot s;
s.is_place = 0; s.temp = temp; s.type = t; s.size = 0;
s.place = fe_ir_at_temp(0, 0);
return s;
}
static Slot slot_place(FeIrPlace p, FeIrType t, unsigned long size)
{
Slot s;
s.is_place = 1; s.temp = 0; s.place = p; s.type = t; s.size = size;
return s;
}
static Slot slot_void(void)
{
return slot_value(0, FE_IR_VOID);
}
/* Read a slot as a value. An aggregate has no value form, so asking for one is
a lowering bug rather than a program error. */
static unsigned as_value(Lower *L, Slot s, FeNode *n)
{
if (!s.is_place) return s.temp;
if (s.type == FE_IR_MEM) { fail(L, "an aggregate as a value", n); return 0; }
return fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, s.type, s.place);
}
/* The address of a slot. */
static unsigned as_address(Lower *L, Slot s, FeNode *n)
{
if (!s.is_place) { fail(L, "the address of a temporary", n); return 0; }
return fe_ir_addr(L->m, L->b, s.place);
}
/* --------------------------------------------------------------- locals --- */
static unsigned declare_var(Lower *L, const char *cname, const FeType *t,
const char *name)
{
unsigned local = fe_ir_local(L->m, L->fn, ir_type(t), ir_size(t),
ir_align(t), name);
if (L->var_count < LOWER_MAX_LOCALS) {
L->vars[L->var_count].cname = cname;
L->vars[L->var_count].local = local;
L->vars[L->var_count].by_address = 0;
++L->var_count;
}
return local;
}
static LowerVar *find_var(Lower *L, const char *cname)
{
unsigned i;
if (!cname) return 0;
for (i = L->var_count; i > 0; --i)
if (L->vars[i - 1].cname && strcmp(L->vars[i - 1].cname, cname) == 0)
return &L->vars[i - 1];
return 0;
}
/* --------------------------------------------------------------- blocks --- */
static FeIrBlock *new_block(Lower *L)
{
return fe_ir_block(L->m, L->fn);
}
/* A check that must hold. `ok` is a condition; when it is false the program
stops where it is. `--no-checks` removes the comparison and the branch, not
just the message, which is the whole point of the flag. */
static void guard(Lower *L, unsigned ok, FeIrTrap reason, unsigned long line)
{
FeIrBlock *bad = new_block(L);
FeIrBlock *cont = new_block(L);
fe_ir_br(L->b, ok, cont->id, bad->id);
L->b = bad;
fe_ir_trap(L->b, reason, line);
L->b = cont;
}
/* A tag says which of the two things a wrapper holds. An optional is one byte
at the front unless the payload has a spare representation; an error union is
a two-byte error code, and zero means there is no error. */
static FeIrType tag_type(const FeType *t)
{
return t && t->kind == FE_TYPE_ERROR_UNION ? FE_IR_I16 : FE_IR_I8;
}
static int uses_niche(const FeType *t)
{
return t && t->kind == FE_TYPE_OPTIONAL && fe_m7_optional_uses_niche(t->elem);
}
/* Somewhere to build an aggregate that has no home of its own yet. */
static unsigned scratch(Lower *L, const FeType *t, const char *why)
{
return fe_ir_local(L->m, L->fn, ir_type(t), ir_size(t), ir_align(t), why);
}
/* A slice is a pointer and a length, in that order. Both the compiler and the
runtime read it this way, so the offsets live here and nowhere else. */
#define SLICE_PTR_OFFSET 0L
#define SLICE_LEN_OFFSET 4L
/* The number of elements an indexable place holds, and where the first element
is. An array is its own storage; a slice points at someone else's. */
static void indexable_parts(Lower *L, Slot base, const FeType *t,
unsigned *data, unsigned *length, FeNode *n)
{
if (t && t->kind == FE_TYPE_ARRAY) {
*data = as_address(L, base, n);
*length = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32, (long)t->length);
return;
}
if (!base.is_place) { fail(L, "a slice with no place", n); *data = 0; *length = 0; return; }
*data = fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_PTR,
fe_ir_at_temp(as_address(L, base, n), SLICE_PTR_OFFSET));
{
FeIrPlace lp = base.place;
lp.offset += SLICE_LEN_OFFSET;
*length = fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32, lp);
}
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------- error codes ----- */
static void note_error_name(Lower *L, const char *name)
{
unsigned i;
unsigned at;
if (!name || L->error_count >= 256) return;
for (i = 0; i < L->error_count; ++i)
if (!strcmp(L->error_names[i], name)) return;
/* Kept sorted as it is built, so the numbering is the spelling order. */
at = L->error_count;
while (at > 0 && strcmp(L->error_names[at - 1], name) > 0) {
L->error_names[at] = L->error_names[at - 1];
--at;
}
L->error_names[at] = name;
++L->error_count;
}
static void collect_error_names(Lower *L, FeNode *n)
{
FeNode *x;
if (!n) return;
/* Allocation reports failure with a name like any other, so it has to be
in the table even though no source line writes it. */
if (n->kind == FE_N_CALL && n->a && n->a->kind == FE_N_MEMBER &&
n->a->a && n->a->a->kind == FE_N_IDENT && n->a->a->text &&
!strcmp(n->a->a->text, "mem") && n->a->b && n->a->b->text &&
(!strcmp(n->a->b->text, "create") ||
!strcmp(n->a->b->text, "alloc_slice")))
note_error_name(L, "OutOfMemory");
if (n->kind == FE_N_MEMBER && n->a && n->a->kind == FE_N_IDENT &&
n->a->text && !strcmp(n->a->text, "error") && n->b && n->b->text)
note_error_name(L, n->b->text);
collect_error_names(L, n->a);
collect_error_names(L, n->b);
collect_error_names(L, n->c);
for (x = n->children; x; x = x->next) collect_error_names(L, x);
}
static long error_code(Lower *L, const char *name)
{
unsigned i;
for (i = 0; i < L->error_count; ++i)
if (!strcmp(L->error_names[i], name)) return (long)(i + 1);
return 0;
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------- expressions --- */
static FeIrOp binary_op(const char *op, int *is_cmp)
{
*is_cmp = 0;
if (!op) return FE_IR_ADD;
if (!strcmp(op, "+") || !strcmp(op, "+%")) return FE_IR_ADD;
if (!strcmp(op, "-") || !strcmp(op, "-%")) return FE_IR_SUB;
if (!strcmp(op, "*") || !strcmp(op, "*%")) return FE_IR_MUL;
if (!strcmp(op, "/")) return FE_IR_DIV;
if (!strcmp(op, "%")) return FE_IR_MOD;
if (!strcmp(op, "&")) return FE_IR_AND;
if (!strcmp(op, "|")) return FE_IR_OR;
if (!strcmp(op, "^")) return FE_IR_XOR;
if (!strcmp(op, "<<")) return FE_IR_SHL;
if (!strcmp(op, ">>")) return FE_IR_SHR;
*is_cmp = 1;
if (!strcmp(op, "==")) return FE_IR_EQ;
if (!strcmp(op, "!=")) return FE_IR_NE;
if (!strcmp(op, "<")) return FE_IR_LT;
if (!strcmp(op, "<=")) return FE_IR_LE;
if (!strcmp(op, ">")) return FE_IR_GT;
if (!strcmp(op, ">=")) return FE_IR_GE;
*is_cmp = 0;
return FE_IR_ADD;
}
static long literal_value(FeNode *n)
{
const char *s = n->text;
long v = 0;
int neg = 0;
if (!s) return 0;
if (!strcmp(s, "true")) return 1;
if (!strcmp(s, "false")) return 0;
if (!strcmp(s, "null") || !strcmp(s, "undefined")) return 0;
if (*s == '\'') {
/* A character literal; the lexer kept the quotes. */
if (s[1] == '\\') {
switch (s[2]) {
case 'n': return 10;
case 't': return 9;
case 'r': return 13;
case '0': return 0;
default: return (long)(unsigned char)s[2];
}
}
return (long)(unsigned char)s[1];
}
if (*s == '-') { neg = 1; ++s; }
if (s[0] == '0' && (s[1] == 'x' || s[1] == 'X')) {
s += 2;
for (; *s; ++s) {
int d = *s >= '0' && *s <= '9' ? *s - '0' :
*s >= 'a' && *s <= 'f' ? *s - 'a' + 10 :
*s >= 'A' && *s <= 'F' ? *s - 'A' + 10 : -1;
if (d < 0) { if (*s == '_') continue; break; }
v = v * 16 + d;
}
} else {
for (; *s; ++s) {
if (*s == '_') continue;
if (*s < '0' || *s > '9') break;
v = v * 10 + (*s - '0');
}
}
return neg ? -v : v;
}
/* `and` and `or` do not evaluate the right side unless they have to, so they
are control flow rather than an operation. */
static Slot lower_logical(Lower *L, FeNode *n, int is_and)
{
unsigned result = fe_ir_local(L->m, L->fn, FE_IR_I8, 1, 1, "logical");
FeIrBlock *rhs = new_block(L);
FeIrBlock *join = new_block(L);
FeIrBlock *entry = L->b;
unsigned left;
unsigned right;
L->b = entry;
left = as_value(L, lower_expr(L, n->a), n->a);
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(result, 0), left, FE_IR_I8);
if (is_and) fe_ir_br(L->b, left, rhs->id, join->id);
else fe_ir_br(L->b, left, join->id, rhs->id);
L->b = rhs;
right = as_value(L, lower_expr(L, n->b), n->b);
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(result, 0), right, FE_IR_I8);
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, join->id);
L->b = join;
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_local(result, 0), FE_IR_I8, 1);
}
/* The builtins that are not calls at all: they are a constant, or they stop
the program. `@print` is expanded separately because it becomes several
calls rather than one thing. */
static int lower_builtin(Lower *L, FeNode *n, Slot *out)
{
const char *name = n->text;
if (!name || name[0] != '@') return 0;
if (!strcmp(name, "@trap")) {
fe_ir_trap(L->b, FE_TRAP_EXPLICIT, n->loc.line);
L->b = new_block(L);
*out = slot_void();
return 1;
}
if (!strcmp(name, "@unreachable")) {
fe_ir_trap(L->b, FE_TRAP_UNREACHABLE, n->loc.line);
L->b = new_block(L);
*out = slot_void();
return 1;
}
if (!strcmp(name, "@size_of") || !strcmp(name, "@align_of")) {
FeNode *arg = n->children;
FeType *t = arg && arg->kind == FE_N_IDENT
? fe_type_intern(&L->c->types, arg->text) : 0;
long v = !strcmp(name, "@size_of") ? (long)ir_size(t)
: (long)ir_align(t);
*out = slot_value(fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32, v), FE_IR_I32);
return 1;
}
if (!strcmp(name, "@line")) {
*out = slot_value(fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32,
(long)n->loc.line), FE_IR_I32);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------- mem.* ----- *
* The allocating intrinsics. They are not ordinary calls: `mem.create` takes a
* value and gives back an owned pointer to a copy of it, and the result is an
* error union because the allocation can fail. The runtime does the allocating;
* everything else about the shape is decided here.
* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
static const char *RT_ALLOC = "fe_rt_alloc";
static const char *RT_FREE = "fe_rt_free";
static int is_mem_call(const FeNode *n, const char *what)
{
return n && n->a && n->a->kind == FE_N_MEMBER &&
n->a->a && n->a->a->kind == FE_N_IDENT && n->a->a->text &&
!strcmp(n->a->a->text, "mem") &&
n->a->b && n->a->b->text && !strcmp(n->a->b->text, what);
}
/* Build `!^T`: zero and the pointer when the allocation worked, the
out-of-memory code when it did not. */
static Slot allocation_result(Lower *L, FeNode *n, unsigned pointer)
{
FeType *t = n->sem_type;
unsigned local = scratch(L, t, "allocated");
long payload_at = (long)fe_type_payload_offset(t);
unsigned zero = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_PTR, 0);
unsigned ok = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_NE, FE_IR_PTR, pointer, zero, 1);
FeIrBlock *good = new_block(L);
FeIrBlock *bad = new_block(L);
FeIrBlock *join = new_block(L);
fe_ir_br(L->b, ok, good->id, bad->id);
L->b = good;
{
unsigned none = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I16, 0);
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), none, FE_IR_I16);
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(local, payload_at), pointer,
FE_IR_PTR);
}
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, join->id);
L->b = bad;
{
unsigned code = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I16,
error_code(L, "OutOfMemory"));
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), code, FE_IR_I16);
}
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, join->id);
L->b = join;
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), FE_IR_MEM, ir_size(t));
}
static int lower_mem(Lower *L, FeNode *n, Slot *out)
{
unsigned args[2];
if (is_mem_call(n, "create")) {
FeNode *arg = n->children;
FeType *value = arg ? arg->sem_type : 0;
unsigned size = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32,
(long)ir_size(value));
unsigned p;
Slot v;
args[0] = size;
p = fe_ir_call(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_PTR, RT_ALLOC, args, 1);
/* The value is written through the new pointer, not copied into a
local first: `create` moves what it was given. */
v = lower_expr(L, arg);
store_into(L, fe_ir_at_temp(p, 0), v, arg, ir_size(value));
*out = allocation_result(L, n, p);
return 1;
}
if (is_mem_call(n, "alloc_slice")) {
FeNode *type_arg = n->children;
FeNode *count_arg = type_arg ? type_arg->next : 0;
FeType *t = n->sem_type;
/* `!^[]T` -- the payload is an owned slice, a pointer and a length. */
FeType *owned = t ? t->error_value : 0;
FeType *slice = owned ? owned->elem : 0;
FeType *elem = slice ? slice->elem : 0;
unsigned each = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32, (long)ir_size(elem));
unsigned howmany = count_arg
? as_value(L, lower_expr(L, count_arg), count_arg)
: fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32, 0);
unsigned bytes = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_MUL, FE_IR_I32,
howmany, each, 1);
unsigned p;
unsigned local = scratch(L, t, "allocated");
long payload_at = (long)fe_type_payload_offset(t);
unsigned zero;
unsigned ok;
FeIrBlock *good;
FeIrBlock *bad;
FeIrBlock *join;
args[0] = bytes;
p = fe_ir_call(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_PTR, RT_ALLOC, args, 1);
zero = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_PTR, 0);
ok = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_NE, FE_IR_PTR, p, zero, 1);
good = new_block(L);
bad = new_block(L);
join = new_block(L);
fe_ir_br(L->b, ok, good->id, bad->id);
L->b = good;
{
unsigned none = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I16, 0);
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), none, FE_IR_I16);
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b,
fe_ir_at_local(local, payload_at + SLICE_PTR_OFFSET),
p, FE_IR_PTR);
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b,
fe_ir_at_local(local, payload_at + SLICE_LEN_OFFSET),
howmany, FE_IR_I32);
}
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, join->id);
L->b = bad;
{
unsigned code = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I16,
error_code(L, "OutOfMemory"));
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), code, FE_IR_I16);
}
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, join->id);
L->b = join;
*out = slot_place(fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), FE_IR_MEM, ir_size(t));
return 1;
}
if (is_mem_call(n, "destroy")) {
FeNode *arg = n->children;
Slot p = lower_expr(L, arg);
/* An owned slice is a pointer and a length; what was allocated is the
pointer. */
if (p.type == FE_IR_MEM) {
FeIrPlace at = p.place;
at.offset += SLICE_PTR_OFFSET;
args[0] = fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_PTR, at);
} else {
args[0] = as_value(L, p, arg);
}
fe_ir_call(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_VOID, RT_FREE, args, 1);
*out = slot_void();
return 1;
}
if (is_mem_call(n, "replace")) {
/* Read what is there, put the new value in its place, hand back the
old one. This is how a value is taken out of a field without ever
leaving the field uninitialised (SPEC 5 R7). */
FeNode *dst = n->children;
FeNode *value = dst ? dst->next : 0;
FeType *t = n->sem_type;
unsigned target = as_value(L, lower_expr(L, dst), dst);
unsigned old = scratch(L, t, "replaced");
Slot fresh;
fe_ir_copy(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(old, 0), fe_ir_at_temp(target, 0),
ir_size(t));
fresh = lower_expr(L, value);
store_into(L, fe_ir_at_temp(target, 0), fresh, value, ir_size(t));
*out = slot_place(fe_ir_at_local(old, 0), ir_type(t), ir_size(t));
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
static Slot lower_call(Lower *L, FeNode *n)
{
unsigned args[16];
unsigned count = 0;
FeNode *arg = n->children;
FeType *ret = n->sem_type;
FeIrType rt = ir_type(ret);
unsigned result_local = 0;
const char *callee = n->a && n->a->cname ? n->a->cname :
(n->sem_decl && n->sem_decl->cname ?
n->sem_decl->cname : 0);
{
Slot built;
if (lower_builtin(L, n, &built)) return built;
if (lower_mem(L, n, &built)) return built;
}
if (!callee) { fail(L, "a call with no target", n); return slot_void(); }
/* An aggregate result is written through a hidden first argument. */
if (rt == FE_IR_MEM) {
result_local = fe_ir_local(L->m, L->fn, FE_IR_MEM, ir_size(ret),
ir_align(ret), "result");
args[count++] = fe_ir_addr(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(result_local, 0));
}
/* A method call passes what it was reached through as its first argument.
`self: Self` and `self: &Self` are the same thing here: the address of
the receiver, because an aggregate never travels in a register. */
if (n->a && n->a->kind == FE_N_MEMBER && n->sem_decl) {
FeNode *first = n->sem_decl->a ? n->sem_decl->a->children : 0;
if (first && first->text && !strcmp(first->text, "self")) {
Slot recv = lower_expr(L, n->a->a);
args[count++] = recv.is_place ? as_address(L, recv, n->a->a)
: recv.temp;
}
}
/* A generic call passes its type arguments first. They were consumed when
the instance was chosen and carry no value, so they are not passed. */
{
FeNode *p;
for (p = n->sem_decl && n->sem_decl->a ? n->sem_decl->a->children : 0;
p && arg; p = p->next) {
if (!(p->flags & FE_NODE_COMPTIME)) break;
arg = arg->next;
}
}
for (; arg; arg = arg->next) {
Slot a = lower_expr(L, arg);
if (count >= 16) { fail(L, "too many arguments", n); break; }
args[count++] = a.type == FE_IR_MEM ? as_address(L, a, arg)
: as_value(L, a, arg);
}
if (rt == FE_IR_MEM) {
fe_ir_call(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_VOID, callee, args, count);
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_local(result_local, 0), FE_IR_MEM,
ir_size(ret));
}
if (rt == FE_IR_VOID) {
fe_ir_call(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_VOID, callee, args, count);
return slot_void();
}
return slot_value(fe_ir_call(L->m, L->b, rt, callee, args, count), rt);
}
static Slot lower_expr_core(Lower *L, FeNode *n);
/* Every expression may be standing where a wrapper is expected, so the wrap is
applied once, here, rather than at each place that could need it. */
static Slot lower_expr(Lower *L, FeNode *n)
{
Slot v;
if (!n || L->failed) return slot_void();
v = lower_expr_core(L, n);
return n->sem_context ? wrap_context(L, v, n) : v;
}
static Slot lower_expr_core(Lower *L, FeNode *n)
{
FeType *t;
FeIrType it;
if (!n || L->failed) return slot_void();
t = n->sem_type;
it = ir_type(t);
switch (n->kind) {
case FE_N_LITERAL:
if (n->text && n->text[0] == '"') {
/* The bytes live in the image; the value is a pointer to them and
how many there are. The lexer keeps the quotes and the escapes,
so this is where `
` becomes one byte. */
char text[1024];
unsigned long raw = strlen(n->text);
unsigned long len = 0;
unsigned long i;
const char *label;
unsigned local;
unsigned p;
unsigned c;
if (raw >= 2) raw -= 2;
for (i = 0; i < raw && len + 1 < sizeof text; ++i) {
char ch = n->text[1 + i];
if (ch == 92 && i + 1 < raw) { /* a backslash */
++i;
switch (n->text[1 + i]) {
case 'n': ch = 10; break;
case 't': ch = 9; break;
case 'r': ch = 13; break;
case '0': ch = 0; break;
default: ch = n->text[1 + i]; break;
}
}
text[len++] = ch;
}
label = fe_ir_string(L->m, text, len);
if (!label) { fail(L, "a string literal", n); return slot_void(); }
local = scratch(L, t, "text");
p = fe_ir_addr(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_global(label, 0));
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(local, SLICE_PTR_OFFSET), p,
FE_IR_PTR);
c = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32, (long)len);
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(local, SLICE_LEN_OFFSET), c,
FE_IR_I32);
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), FE_IR_MEM, ir_size(t));
}
return slot_value(fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b,
it == FE_IR_VOID ? FE_IR_I32 : it,
literal_value(n)),
it == FE_IR_VOID ? FE_IR_I32 : it);
case FE_N_IDENT: {
LowerVar *var = find_var(L, n->cname);
if (var) {
if (var->by_address) {
unsigned p = fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_PTR,
fe_ir_at_local(var->local, 0));
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_temp(p, 0), it, ir_size(t));
}
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_local(var->local, 0), it, ir_size(t));
}
if (n->cname)
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_global(n->cname, 0), it, ir_size(t));
fail(L, "an unresolved name", n);
return slot_void();
}
case FE_N_BINARY: {
int is_cmp = 0;
FeIrOp op;
unsigned a;
unsigned b;
FeIrType operand;
if (n->text && !strcmp(n->text, "orelse")) return lower_lazy(L, n, 0);
if (n->text && !strcmp(n->text, "catch")) return lower_lazy(L, n, 1);
if (n->text && (!strcmp(n->text, "and") || !strcmp(n->text, "or")))
return lower_logical(L, n, !strcmp(n->text, "and"));
op = binary_op(n->text, &is_cmp);
operand = ir_type(n->a ? n->a->sem_type : 0);
if (operand == FE_IR_VOID || operand == FE_IR_MEM) operand = FE_IR_I32;
a = as_value(L, lower_expr(L, n->a), n->a);
b = as_value(L, lower_expr(L, n->b), n->b);
return slot_value(fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, op, operand, a, b,
type_is_unsigned(n->a ? n->a->sem_type
: 0)),
is_cmp ? FE_IR_I8 : operand);
}
case FE_N_UNARY:
if (n->text && !strcmp(n->text, "try")) return lower_try(L, n);
if (n->text && !strcmp(n->text, "-")) {
unsigned zero = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, it, 0);
unsigned v = as_value(L, lower_expr(L, n->a), n->a);
return slot_value(fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_SUB, it, zero, v,
0), it);
}
if (n->text && !strcmp(n->text, "not")) {
unsigned zero = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I8, 0);
unsigned v = as_value(L, lower_expr(L, n->a), n->a);
return slot_value(fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_EQ, FE_IR_I8, v,
zero, 0), FE_IR_I8);
}
if (n->text && (!strcmp(n->text, "&") || !strcmp(n->text, "&mut"))) {
Slot inner = lower_expr(L, n->a);
return slot_value(as_address(L, inner, n->a), FE_IR_PTR);
}
fail(L, "this unary operator", n);
return slot_void();
case FE_N_MEMBER:
/* A payload-free variant used as a value is just its tag. */
if (t && t->kind == FE_TYPE_ENUM && !enum_has_payload(t) &&
n->b && n->b->text) {
FeVariantType *v = fe_type_variant(t, n->b->text);
if (v)
return slot_value(fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, ir_type(t),
(long)v->tag), ir_type(t));
}
/* `error.Name` is a member of the open default set: a code, and
nothing to look up. */
if (n->a && n->a->kind == FE_N_IDENT && n->a->text &&
!strcmp(n->a->text, "error") && n->b && n->b->text)
return slot_value(fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I16,
error_code(L, n->b->text)),
FE_IR_I16);
/* `.?` is the payload of an optional the checker already proved is
there. */
if (n->text && !strcmp(n->text, ".?")) {
FeType *bt = n->a ? n->a->sem_type : 0;
return wrapper_payload(L, lower_expr(L, n->a), bt);
}
/* `p.^` reads through a pointer -- except for an owned slice, whose
pointer and length are the value itself, so there is nothing to
step through. */
if (n->text && !strcmp(n->text, ".^")) {
Slot base = lower_expr(L, n->a);
unsigned p;
if (base.type == FE_IR_MEM)
return slot_place(base.place, it, ir_size(t));
p = as_value(L, base, n->a);
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_temp(p, 0), it, ir_size(t));
}
/* `.n` is how many elements there are, which an array knows at
compile time and a slice carries beside its pointer. */
if (n->b && n->b->text && !strcmp(n->b->text, "n")) {
FeType *bt = n->a ? n->a->sem_type : 0;
Slot base;
if (bt && bt->kind == FE_TYPE_ARRAY)
return slot_value(fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32,
(long)bt->length), FE_IR_I32);
base = lower_expr(L, n->a);
if (!base.is_place) { fail(L, "a length of a temporary", n); return slot_void(); }
base.place.offset += SLICE_LEN_OFFSET;
return slot_place(base.place, FE_IR_I32, 4);
}
/* A field is a constant offset from the base. */
{
FeType *base = n->a ? n->a->sem_type : 0;
FeFieldType *field;
Slot b;
if (base && (base->kind == FE_TYPE_REF ||
base->kind == FE_TYPE_OWNED)) base = base->elem;
field = fe_type_field(base, n->b && n->b->text ? n->b->text : "");
if (!field) { fail(L, "an unresolved field", n); return slot_void(); }
b = lower_expr(L, n->a);
if (n->a->sem_type && (n->a->sem_type->kind == FE_TYPE_REF ||
n->a->sem_type->kind == FE_TYPE_OWNED)) {
unsigned p = as_value(L, b, n->a);
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_temp(p, (long)field->offset), it,
ir_size(t));
}
if (!b.is_place) { fail(L, "a field of a temporary", n); return slot_void(); }
b.place.offset += (long)field->offset;
return slot_place(b.place, it, ir_size(t));
}
case FE_N_INDEX: {
FeType *bt = n->a ? n->a->sem_type : 0;
FeType *elem = bt ? bt->elem : 0;
Slot base;
unsigned data;
unsigned length;
unsigned index;
unsigned scale;
unsigned offset;
unsigned addr;
if (n->flags & FE_NODE_SLICE) return lower_slice(L, n);
base = lower_expr(L, n->a);
indexable_parts(L, base, bt, &data, &length, n);
index = as_value(L, lower_expr(L, n->b), n->b);
if (!L->c->no_checks) {
unsigned ok = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_LT, FE_IR_I32,
index, length, 1);
guard(L, ok, FE_TRAP_BOUNDS, n->loc.line);
}
scale = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32, (long)ir_size(elem));
offset = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_MUL, FE_IR_I32, index, scale, 1);
addr = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_ADD, FE_IR_PTR, data, offset, 1);
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_temp(addr, 0), ir_type(elem), ir_size(elem));
}
case FE_N_ARRAY_INIT: {
unsigned local = scratch(L, t, "array");
FeType *elem = t ? t->elem : 0;
unsigned long step = ir_size(elem);
long at = 0;
FeNode *x;
for (x = n->children; x; x = x->next) {
Slot v = lower_expr(L, x);
store_into(L, fe_ir_at_local(local, at), v, x, step);
at += (long)step;
}
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), FE_IR_MEM, ir_size(t));
}
case FE_N_STRUCT_INIT: {
unsigned local = scratch(L, t, "struct");
FeNode *f;
for (f = n->children; f; f = f->next) {
FeFieldType *field;
Slot v;
if (f->kind != FE_N_FIELD) continue;
field = fe_type_field(t, f->text);
if (!field) { fail(L, "an unresolved field", f); return slot_void(); }
v = lower_expr(L, f->a);
store_into(L, fe_ir_at_local(local, (long)field->offset), v, f,
ir_size(field->type));
}
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), FE_IR_MEM, ir_size(t));
}
case FE_N_CALL:
return lower_call(L, n);
case FE_N_TYPE:
/* `x as T`: the operand is `a` and the target type is the node's own.
Between integers this only changes how wide the value is and whether
the top bits repeat the sign. */
if (n->a) {
FeType *from = n->a->sem_type;
unsigned v = as_value(L, lower_expr(L, n->a), n->a);
if (ir_type(from) == it) return slot_value(v, it);
return slot_value(fe_ir_cast(L->m, L->b, ir_type(from), it, v,
type_is_unsigned(from)), it);
}
fail(L, "this type expression", n);
return slot_void();
case FE_N_EXPR:
return lower_expr(L, n->a);
default:
fail(L, "this expression", n);
return slot_void();
}
}
/* Run the `defer` blocks that are live, most recent first. A `return` in the
middle of a function still owes them, so every exit path calls this. */
static void run_deferred(Lower *L, unsigned from)
{
unsigned i;
for (i = L->defer_count; i > from; --i) lower_stmt(L, L->deferred[i - 1]);
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------- wrappers -------- *
* An optional is a tag and a payload; an error union is an error code and a
* payload, where a code of zero means there is no error. Both are memory, and
* both are built the same way: write the tag, then write the value after it.
* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
static Slot wrap_context(Lower *L, Slot v, FeNode *n)
{
FeType *want = n->sem_context;
unsigned local;
long payload_at;
if (!want) return v;
local = scratch(L, want, "wrapped");
payload_at = (long)fe_type_payload_offset(want);
if (want->kind == FE_TYPE_OPTIONAL) {
if (fe_m7_is_null(n)) {
/* A payload with a spare representation uses it for "nothing"
instead of carrying a separate tag. */
unsigned z = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b,
uses_niche(want) ? FE_IR_PTR : FE_IR_I8, 0);
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), z,
uses_niche(want) ? FE_IR_PTR : FE_IR_I8);
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), FE_IR_MEM, ir_size(want));
}
if (!uses_niche(want)) {
unsigned one = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I8, 1);
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), one, FE_IR_I8);
}
store_into(L, fe_ir_at_local(local, payload_at), v, n,
ir_size(want->elem));
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), FE_IR_MEM, ir_size(want));
}
if (want->kind == FE_TYPE_ERROR_UNION) {
FeType *value_type = want->error_value;
if (n->sem_type && n->sem_type->is_error) {
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(local, 0),
as_value(L, v, n), FE_IR_I16);
} else {
unsigned zero = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I16, 0);
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), zero, FE_IR_I16);
if (value_type && value_type->kind != FE_TYPE_VOID)
store_into(L, fe_ir_at_local(local, payload_at), v, n,
ir_size(value_type));
}
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), FE_IR_MEM, ir_size(want));
}
return v;
}
/* The tag of a wrapper that is already in memory. */
static unsigned wrapper_tag(Lower *L, Slot w, const FeType *t, FeNode *n)
{
FeIrPlace p;
if (!w.is_place) { fail(L, "a wrapper with no place", n); return 0; }
p = w.place;
if (uses_niche(t)) return fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_PTR, p);
return fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, tag_type(t), p);
}
static Slot wrapper_payload(Lower *L, Slot w, const FeType *t)
{
FeType *payload = t ? (t->kind == FE_TYPE_ERROR_UNION ? t->error_value
: t->elem) : 0;
FeIrPlace p = w.place;
(void)L;
p.offset += (long)fe_type_payload_offset(t);
return slot_place(p, ir_type(payload), ir_size(payload));
}
/* Leave the function with this error code, after the deferred blocks. */
static void return_error(Lower *L, unsigned err, FeNode *n)
{
FeType *ret = L->ret_type;
unsigned local = scratch(L, ret, "failure");
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), err, FE_IR_I16);
run_deferred(L, 0);
if (L->fn->returns_by_address) {
unsigned dst = fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_PTR,
fe_ir_at_local(L->ret_local, 0));
fe_ir_copy(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_temp(dst, 0), fe_ir_at_local(local, 0),
ir_size(ret));
fe_ir_ret(L->b, 0, 0);
return;
}
fe_ir_ret(L->b, fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, ir_type(ret),
fe_ir_at_local(local, 0)), 1);
(void)n;
}
/* `try e` -- if e failed, leave with its error; otherwise the value. */
static Slot lower_try(Lower *L, FeNode *n)
{
FeType *t = n->a ? n->a->sem_type : 0;
Slot e = lower_expr(L, n->a);
unsigned err = wrapper_tag(L, e, t, n);
unsigned zero = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I16, 0);
unsigned ok = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_EQ, FE_IR_I16, err, zero, 1);
FeIrBlock *bad = new_block(L);
FeIrBlock *good = new_block(L);
fe_ir_br(L->b, ok, good->id, bad->id);
L->b = bad;
return_error(L, err, n);
L->b = good;
return wrapper_payload(L, e, t);
}
/* `e orelse d` and `e catch d` both mean "the value, or that instead". The
right-hand side is only evaluated when it is needed, so it is a branch. */
static Slot lower_lazy(Lower *L, FeNode *n, int is_catch)
{
FeType *t = n->a ? n->a->sem_type : 0;
FeType *payload = t ? (is_catch ? t->error_value : t->elem) : 0;
Slot e;
unsigned tag;
unsigned zero;
unsigned ok;
unsigned result;
FeIrBlock *other;
FeIrBlock *join;
FeIrBlock *have;
e = lower_expr(L, n->a);
tag = wrapper_tag(L, e, t, n);
zero = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, is_catch || uses_niche(t) ? FE_IR_PTR
: FE_IR_I8, 0);
/* An error union is fine when its code is zero; an optional is fine when
its tag is not. */
ok = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, is_catch ? FE_IR_EQ : FE_IR_NE,
is_catch ? FE_IR_I16 : (uses_niche(t) ? FE_IR_PTR
: FE_IR_I8),
tag, zero, 1);
result = scratch(L, payload, "result");
have = new_block(L);
other = new_block(L);
join = new_block(L);
fe_ir_br(L->b, ok, have->id, other->id);
L->b = have;
store_into(L, fe_ir_at_local(result, 0), wrapper_payload(L, e, t), n,
ir_size(payload));
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, join->id);
L->b = other;
if (is_catch && n->c) {
/* The block form handles the error and must not fall through with a
value, so whatever it leaves behind is what the checker allowed. */
lower_stmt(L, n->c);
} else {
Slot d = lower_expr(L, n->b);
store_into(L, fe_ir_at_local(result, 0), d, n->b, ir_size(payload));
}
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, join->id);
L->b = join;
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_local(result, 0), ir_type(payload),
ir_size(payload));
}
/* ----------------------------------------------------------- statements --- */
static void store_into(Lower *L, FeIrPlace dst, Slot value, FeNode *n,
unsigned long size)
{
if (value.type == FE_IR_MEM) {
if (!value.is_place) { fail(L, "an aggregate value", n); return; }
fe_ir_copy(L->m, L->b, dst, value.place, size);
return;
}
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, dst, as_value(L, value, n), value.type);
}
static void lower_return(Lower *L, FeNode *n)
{
Slot v;
if (!n->a) { run_deferred(L, 0); fe_ir_ret(L->b, 0, 0); return; }
/* The value is computed before the deferred blocks run, because they may
destroy what it was read from. */
v = lower_expr(L, n->a);
if (v.type != FE_IR_MEM && v.is_place)
v = slot_value(as_value(L, v, n->a), v.type);
run_deferred(L, 0);
if (L->fn->returns_by_address) {
unsigned dst = fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_PTR,
fe_ir_at_local(L->ret_local, 0));
store_into(L, fe_ir_at_temp(dst, 0), v, n, ir_size(L->ret_type));
fe_ir_ret(L->b, 0, 0);
return;
}
fe_ir_ret(L->b, as_value(L, v, n->a), 1);
}
static void lower_if(Lower *L, FeNode *n)
{
FeIrBlock *then_b = new_block(L);
FeIrBlock *else_b = n->c ? new_block(L) : 0;
FeIrBlock *join = new_block(L);
unsigned cond = as_value(L, lower_expr(L, n->a), n->a);
fe_ir_br(L->b, cond, then_b->id, else_b ? else_b->id : join->id);
L->b = then_b;
lower_stmt(L, n->b);
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, join->id);
if (else_b) {
L->b = else_b;
lower_stmt(L, n->c);
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, join->id);
}
L->b = join;
}
static void lower_while(Lower *L, FeNode *n)
{
FeIrBlock *head = new_block(L);
FeIrBlock *body = new_block(L);
FeIrBlock *done = new_block(L);
unsigned cond;
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, head->id);
L->b = head;
cond = as_value(L, lower_expr(L, n->a), n->a);
fe_ir_br(L->b, cond, body->id, done->id);
if (L->loop_depth < 32) {
L->break_target[L->loop_depth] = done->id;
L->continue_target[L->loop_depth] = head->id;
++L->loop_depth;
}
L->b = body;
lower_stmt(L, n->b);
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, head->id);
if (L->loop_depth) --L->loop_depth;
L->b = done;
}
/* `x[a..b]` makes a pointer and a length out of part of something indexable.
Both ends are checked -- against each other and against what is there --
before the pointer is formed. An empty slice of a valid range is fine; one
that starts past its end is not. */
static Slot lower_slice(Lower *L, FeNode *n)
{
FeType *bt = n->a ? n->a->sem_type : 0;
FeType *elem = bt ? bt->elem : 0;
FeType *t = n->sem_type;
Slot base = lower_expr(L, n->a);
unsigned data;
unsigned length;
unsigned from;
unsigned to;
unsigned local;
unsigned scale;
unsigned off;
unsigned at;
unsigned count;
indexable_parts(L, base, bt, &data, &length, n);
from = n->b ? as_value(L, lower_expr(L, n->b), n->b)
: fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32, 0);
to = n->c ? as_value(L, lower_expr(L, n->c), n->c) : length;
if (!L->c->no_checks) {
unsigned ordered = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_LE, FE_IR_I32,
from, to, 1);
unsigned within;
guard(L, ordered, FE_TRAP_BOUNDS, n->loc.line);
within = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_LE, FE_IR_I32, to, length, 1);
guard(L, within, FE_TRAP_BOUNDS, n->loc.line);
}
scale = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32, (long)ir_size(elem));
off = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_MUL, FE_IR_I32, from, scale, 1);
at = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_ADD, FE_IR_PTR, data, off, 1);
count = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_SUB, FE_IR_I32, to, from, 1);
local = scratch(L, t, "slice");
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(local, SLICE_PTR_OFFSET), at,
FE_IR_PTR);
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(local, SLICE_LEN_OFFSET), count,
FE_IR_I32);
return slot_place(fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), FE_IR_MEM, ir_size(t));
}
/* Three shapes share the keyword.
for i in a..b { } counts
for x in thing { } walks, binding a reference to each element
for i, x in thing { } walks, binding the position as well
The count is read once before the body, so a thing that grows underneath the
loop cannot walk past what was measured. The element binding is a reference
(`x.^` reads it), which is what lets a loop write back into the thing. */
static void lower_for(Lower *L, FeNode *n)
{
FeIrBlock *head;
FeIrBlock *body;
FeIrBlock *step;
FeIrBlock *done;
unsigned counter;
unsigned limit;
if (n->c) {
/* The counting form: the variable is the count itself. */
unsigned from = as_value(L, lower_expr(L, n->a), n->a);
unsigned to;
counter = declare_var(L, n->cname, 0, n->text);
L->fn->locals[counter].type = FE_IR_I32;
L->fn->locals[counter].size = 4;
L->fn->locals[counter].align = 4;
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(counter, 0), from, FE_IR_I32);
to = as_value(L, lower_expr(L, n->c), n->c);
limit = fe_ir_local(L->m, L->fn, FE_IR_I32, 4, 4, "limit");
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(limit, 0), to, FE_IR_I32);
head = new_block(L);
body = new_block(L);
step = new_block(L);
done = new_block(L);
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, head->id);
L->b = head;
{
unsigned i = fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32,
fe_ir_at_local(counter, 0));
unsigned e = fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32,
fe_ir_at_local(limit, 0));
unsigned more = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_LT, FE_IR_I32, i, e, 1);
fe_ir_br(L->b, more, body->id, done->id);
}
} else {
FeType *bt = n->a ? n->a->sem_type : 0;
FeType *elem = bt ? bt->elem : 0;
Slot base = lower_expr(L, n->a);
unsigned data;
unsigned length;
unsigned data_local;
unsigned item;
indexable_parts(L, base, bt, &data, &length, n);
data_local = fe_ir_local(L->m, L->fn, FE_IR_PTR, 4, 4, "data");
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(data_local, 0), data, FE_IR_PTR);
limit = fe_ir_local(L->m, L->fn, FE_IR_I32, 4, 4, "count");
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(limit, 0), length, FE_IR_I32);
/* With two names the first is the position and the second the element;
with one it is the element. */
counter = fe_ir_local(L->m, L->fn, FE_IR_I32, 4, 4, "index");
if (n->aux_cname) {
L->vars[L->var_count].cname = n->cname;
L->vars[L->var_count].local = counter;
L->vars[L->var_count].by_address = 0;
if (L->var_count < LOWER_MAX_LOCALS) ++L->var_count;
item = fe_ir_local(L->m, L->fn, FE_IR_PTR, 4, 4, n->aux_text);
L->vars[L->var_count].cname = n->aux_cname;
L->vars[L->var_count].local = item;
L->vars[L->var_count].by_address = 0;
if (L->var_count < LOWER_MAX_LOCALS) ++L->var_count;
} else {
item = fe_ir_local(L->m, L->fn, FE_IR_PTR, 4, 4, n->text);
L->vars[L->var_count].cname = n->cname;
L->vars[L->var_count].local = item;
L->vars[L->var_count].by_address = 0;
if (L->var_count < LOWER_MAX_LOCALS) ++L->var_count;
}
{
unsigned zero = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32, 0);
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(counter, 0), zero, FE_IR_I32);
}
head = new_block(L);
body = new_block(L);
step = new_block(L);
done = new_block(L);
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, head->id);
L->b = head;
{
unsigned i = fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32,
fe_ir_at_local(counter, 0));
unsigned e = fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32,
fe_ir_at_local(limit, 0));
unsigned more = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_LT, FE_IR_I32, i, e, 1);
fe_ir_br(L->b, more, body->id, done->id);
}
L->b = body;
{
unsigned i = fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32,
fe_ir_at_local(counter, 0));
unsigned scale = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32,
(long)ir_size(elem));
unsigned off = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_MUL, FE_IR_I32, i,
scale, 1);
unsigned p = fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_PTR,
fe_ir_at_local(data_local, 0));
unsigned at = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_ADD, FE_IR_PTR, p,
off, 1);
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(item, 0), at, FE_IR_PTR);
}
L->b = head;
}
if (L->loop_depth < 32) {
L->break_target[L->loop_depth] = done->id;
L->continue_target[L->loop_depth] = step->id;
++L->loop_depth;
}
L->b = body;
lower_stmt(L, n->b);
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, step->id);
L->b = step;
{
unsigned i = fe_ir_load(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32,
fe_ir_at_local(counter, 0));
unsigned one = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_I32, 1);
unsigned next = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_ADD, FE_IR_I32, i, one, 1);
fe_ir_store(L->m, L->b, fe_ir_at_local(counter, 0), next, FE_IR_I32);
}
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, head->id);
if (L->loop_depth) --L->loop_depth;
L->b = done;
}
/* `match` over a payload-free enum or an integer: compare the tag against each
arm's pattern in turn. The checker already proved the arms cover everything,
so falling off the end cannot happen in a program that compiled -- but the
generated code has to go somewhere, and going to the join is right. */
static void lower_match(Lower *L, FeNode *n)
{
FeType *t = n->a ? n->a->sem_type : 0;
FeIrType it = ir_type(t);
Slot subject = lower_expr(L, n->a);
unsigned value;
FeIrBlock *join;
FeNode *arm;
if (it == FE_IR_MEM) { fail(L, "a match over a payload", n); return; }
value = as_value(L, subject, n->a);
join = new_block(L);
for (arm = n->children; arm; arm = arm->next) {
FeIrBlock *body;
FeIrBlock *next;
unsigned want;
unsigned same;
FeVariantType *v;
if (arm->kind != FE_N_ARM) continue;
if (arm->text && !strcmp(arm->text, "_")) {
lower_stmt(L, arm->a);
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, join->id);
L->b = join;
return;
}
v = t && t->kind == FE_TYPE_ENUM && arm->text
? fe_type_variant(t, arm->text) : 0;
want = fe_ir_const(L->m, L->b, it,
v ? (long)v->tag : literal_value(arm));
same = fe_ir_binary(L->m, L->b, FE_IR_EQ, it, value, want, 1);
body = new_block(L);
next = new_block(L);
fe_ir_br(L->b, same, body->id, next->id);
L->b = body;
lower_stmt(L, arm->a);
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, join->id);
L->b = next;
}
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, join->id);
L->b = join;
}
static void lower_stmt(Lower *L, FeNode *n)
{
FeNode *x;
if (!n || L->failed) return;
switch (n->kind) {
case FE_N_BLOCK: {
unsigned outer = L->defer_count;
for (x = n->children; x; x = x->next) lower_stmt(L, x);
/* Leaving a block normally runs what it deferred. An exit that jumped
away already ran them on its way out. */
if (!L->b->terminated) run_deferred(L, outer);
L->defer_count = outer;
return;
}
case FE_N_LET:
case FE_N_VAR:
case FE_N_CONST: {
unsigned local = declare_var(L, n->cname, n->sem_type, n->text);
if (n->b) {
Slot v = lower_expr(L, n->b);
store_into(L, fe_ir_at_local(local, 0), v, n, ir_size(n->sem_type));
}
return;
}
case FE_N_ASSIGN: {
Slot dst = lower_expr(L, n->a);
Slot v = lower_expr(L, n->b);
if (!dst.is_place) { fail(L, "an assignment to a value", n); return; }
store_into(L, dst.place, v, n, dst.size);
return;
}
case FE_N_EXPR_STMT:
lower_expr(L, n->a);
return;
case FE_N_RETURN:
lower_return(L, n);
return;
case FE_N_IF:
lower_if(L, n);
return;
case FE_N_WHILE:
lower_while(L, n);
return;
case FE_N_BREAK:
if (L->loop_depth) fe_ir_jmp(L->b, L->break_target[L->loop_depth - 1]);
return;
case FE_N_CONTINUE:
if (L->loop_depth)
fe_ir_jmp(L->b, L->continue_target[L->loop_depth - 1]);
return;
case FE_N_UNSAFE:
lower_stmt(L, n->a);
return;
case FE_N_DEFER:
if (L->defer_count < 32) L->deferred[L->defer_count++] = n->a;
return;
case FE_N_FOR:
lower_for(L, n);
return;
case FE_N_MATCH:
lower_match(L, n);
return;
default:
fail(L, "this statement", n);
return;
}
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ functions --- */
/* A global is static storage. SPEC 7.1: its initializer is evaluated at
compile time, so what reaches here is either a constant to place in the
image or nothing, and the storage starts as zeroes. */
static void lower_global(Lower *L, FeNode *n)
{
FeType *t = n->sem_type;
unsigned char *init = 0;
unsigned long size = ir_size(t);
if (!n->cname) return;
if (n->b && n->b->kind == FE_N_LITERAL && size && size <= 8) {
long v = literal_value(n->b);
unsigned long i;
init = (unsigned char *)fe_arena_alloc(&L->m->arena, (size_t)size);
if (init)
for (i = 0; i < size; ++i)
init[i] = (unsigned char)((v >> (i * 8)) & 0xFF);
}
fe_ir_global(L->m, n->cname, ir_type(t), size, ir_align(t), init);
}
static int fn_is_generic(const FeNode *fn)
{
FeNode *p;
if (!fn) return 0;
for (p = fn->a ? fn->a->children : 0; p; p = p->next)
if (p->flags & FE_NODE_COMPTIME) return 1;
return 0;
}
static void lower_fn_as(Lower *L, FeNode *fn, const char *name)
{
FeNode *p;
FeType *ret = fn->b ? fe_type_from_ast(&L->c->types, fn->b) : 0;
FeIrFunc *f;
if (!name) return;
f = fe_ir_func(L->m, name, ir_type(ret), ir_size(ret));
if (!f) return;
L->fn = f;
L->ret_type = ret;
L->var_count = 0;
L->loop_depth = 0;
/* A hidden first parameter holds where an aggregate result goes. */
if (f->returns_by_address)
L->ret_local = fe_ir_local(L->m, f, FE_IR_PTR, 4, 4, "result");
for (p = fn->a ? fn->a->children : 0; p; p = p->next) {
FeType *pt;
int by_address;
unsigned local;
/* A comptime parameter was consumed at compile time; it has no
storage and takes no argument slot. */
if (p->flags & FE_NODE_COMPTIME) continue;
pt = fe_type_from_ast(&L->c->types, p->a);
/* An aggregate parameter arrives as an address. */
by_address = ir_type(pt) == FE_IR_MEM;
local = by_address
? fe_ir_local(L->m, f, FE_IR_PTR, 4, 4, p->text)
: fe_ir_local(L->m, f, ir_type(pt), ir_size(pt), ir_align(pt),
p->text);
if (L->var_count < LOWER_MAX_LOCALS) {
L->vars[L->var_count].cname = p->cname;
L->vars[L->var_count].local = local;
L->vars[L->var_count].by_address = by_address;
++L->var_count;
}
}
f->param_count = f->local_count;
L->b = fe_ir_block(L->m, f);
lower_stmt(L, fn->c);
/* A void function may just run off the end. */
fe_ir_ret(L->b, 0, 0);
}
static void lower_fn(Lower *L, FeNode *fn)
{
lower_fn_as(L, fn, fn->cname);
}
int fe_lower_program(FeCheck *c, FeIrModule *out)
{
Lower L;
unsigned u;
FeNode *n;
memset(&L, 0, sizeof L);
L.c = c;
L.m = out;
/* The codes have to be known while the bodies are lowered, so the names
are gathered from the whole build first. */
for (u = 0; u < c->build->count; ++u)
collect_error_names(&L, c->build->units[u].ast.root);
for (u = 0; u < c->build->count; ++u) {
FeUnit *unit = &c->build->units[u];
c->ast = &unit->ast;
c->unit = unit;
c->types.unit_name = unit->name[0] ? unit->name : "unit";
if (!out->unit_file || !out->unit_file[0]) out->unit_file = unit->path;
for (n = unit->ast.root ? unit->ast.root->children : 0; n; n = n->next)
if (n->kind == FE_N_GLOBAL || n->kind == FE_N_CONST)
lower_global(&L, n);
else if (n->kind == FE_N_FN && !n->c) {
/* A declaration with no body is something the linker will
find: the runtime, or a C library. */
FeType *ret = n->b ? fe_type_from_ast(&c->types, n->b) : 0;
FeIrFunc *f;
if (!n->cname) continue;
f = fe_ir_func(out, n->cname, ir_type(ret), ir_size(ret));
if (f) f->is_extern = 1;
}
else if (n->kind == FE_N_FN && n->c && !fn_is_generic(n)) {
lower_fn(&L, n);
/* The entry unit is the one the build was rooted at. */
if (u == 0 && n->text && !strcmp(n->text, "main"))
out->entry_main = n->cname;
}
}
/* Each instance the checker reached is a function of its own: the same
body, read with different types bound, under its own link name. This is
where monomorphisation actually produces code -- the front end only
decided which instances exist. */
for (u = 0; u < c->instance_count && !L.failed; ++u) {
FeInstance *inst = &c->instances[u];
FeUnit *home;
FeTypeBind save[FE_TYPE_PARAM_MAX];
unsigned save_count;
unsigned k;
if (!inst->decl || !inst->decl->c || !inst->cname || !inst->home)
continue;
home = 0;
for (k = 0; k < c->build->count; ++k)
if (!strcmp(c->build->units[k].name, inst->home))
home = &c->build->units[k];
if (!home) continue;
c->ast = &home->ast;
c->unit = home;
c->types.unit_name = home->name;
save_count = c->types.param_count;
for (k = 0; k < FE_TYPE_PARAM_MAX; ++k) save[k] = c->types.params[k];
c->types.param_count = inst->bind_count;
for (k = 0; k < inst->bind_count && k < FE_TYPE_PARAM_MAX; ++k)
c->types.params[k] = inst->binds[k];
lower_fn_as(&L, inst->decl, inst->cname);
c->types.param_count = save_count;
for (k = 0; k < FE_TYPE_PARAM_MAX; ++k) c->types.params[k] = save[k];
}
return !L.failed;
}